import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=80)
# figsize指定长高, dpi=像素
# 生成fig对象
plt.plot([1, 0, 9], [4, 5, 6])
path = 'test1.png'
plt.savefig(path)
# plt.show()
# 注意：plt.show()会释放figure资源，如果在显示图像之后保存图片将只能保存空图片

1. 初步实现

   # import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
   import random
   x = range(60)
   y = [random.uniform(15, 18) for i in x]
   plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=80)
   plt.plot(x, y)
   plt.show()

    

2. 同一张表内折线图显示（可能存在中文显示问题)

   # 添加网格显示
   x = list(range(61))
   y_shanghai = [random.uniform(a=39, b=40) for _ in range(len(x))]
   y_beijing = [random.uniform(a=3, b=5) for _ in range(len(x))]
   
   # 创建画布
   plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=100)
   
   # 绘制折线图
   plt.plot(x, y_shanghai, label="上海", color="r")
   plt.plot(x, y_beijing, label="北京", color="y")
   
   # 设置辅助显示层
   plt.title("上海和北京11点~12点温度变化情况", fontsize=20)
   
   # 设置x, y 轴的描述信息
   plt.xlabel("时间(分)")
   plt.ylabel("温度(°C)", fontsize=20)
   xticks = range(41)
   # 设置刻度信息
   plt.yticks(xticks[::5])
   
   
   x_decs = ["11点{}分".format(i) for i in x]
   # 设置x轴的显示 为字符串
   plt.xticks(x[::2],x_decs[::2],rotation=45)
   ＃　rotation　字体显示倾斜度
   
   
   # 显示网格
   plt.grid(linestyle="-.", color="b", alpha=0.4)
   
   # 设置图例说明显示的位置
   # plt.legend(loc="best")
   # plt.legend(loc=0)
   plt.legend()
   # 显示画图
   plt.show()

    

   1. 中文显示问题
      1. 安装字体（SimHei或其他中文字体）
      2. 清楚matplotlib文件
      3. 更改配置

x = [225.98, 247.07, 253.14, 457.85, 241.58, 301.01,  20.67, 288.64,
       163.56, 120.06, 207.83, 342.75, 147.9 ,  53.06, 224.72,  29.51,
        21.61, 483.21, 245.25, 399.25, 343.35]
y = [196.63, 203.88, 210.75, 372.74, 202.41, 247.61,  24.9 , 239.34,
       140.32, 104.15, 176.84, 288.23, 128.79,  49.64, 191.74,  33.1 ,
        30.74, 400.02, 205.35, 330.64, 283.45]

# 2）创建画布
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=100)

# 3）绘制散点图
plt.scatter(x, y)

# 4）显示图像
plt.show()

# 电影名字
movie_name = ['雷神3：诸神黄昏','正义联盟','东方快车谋杀案','寻梦环游记','全球风暴','降魔传','追捕','七十七天','密战','狂兽','其它']
# 横坐标
x = range(len(movie_name))
# 票房数据
y = [73853,57767,22354,15969,14839,8725,8716,8318,7916,6764,52222]
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=100)
plt.bar(x, y, width=0.5, color=["r","b","y"])
# 这是x轴的刻度
plt.xticks(x, movie_name)
plt.show()

time = [131,  98, 125, 131, 124, 139, 131, 117, 128, 108, 135, 138, 131, 102, 107, 114, 119, 128, 121, 142, 127, 130, 124, 101, 110, 116, 117, 110, 128, 128, 115,  99, 136, 126, 134,  95, 138, 117, 111,78, 132, 124, 113, 150, 110, 117,  86,  95, 144, 105, 126, 130,126, 130, 126, 116, 123, 106, 112, 138, 123,  86, 101,  99, 136,123, 117, 119, 105, 137, 123, 128, 125, 104, 109, 134, 125, 127,105, 120, 107, 129, 116, 108, 132, 103, 136, 118, 102, 120, 114,105, 115, 132, 145, 119, 121, 112, 139, 125, 138, 109, 132, 134,156, 106, 117, 127, 144, 139, 139, 119, 140,  83, 110, 102,123,107, 143, 115, 136, 118, 139, 123, 112, 118, 125, 109, 119, 133,112, 114, 122, 109, 106, 123, 116, 131, 127, 115, 118, 112, 135,115, 146, 137, 116, 103, 144,  83, 123, 111, 110, 111, 100, 154,136, 100, 118, 119, 133, 134, 106, 129, 126, 110, 111, 109, 141,120, 117, 106, 149, 122, 122, 110, 118, 127, 121, 114, 125, 126,114, 140, 103, 130, 141, 117, 106, 114, 121, 114, 133, 137,  92,121, 112, 146,  97, 137, 105,  98, 117, 112,  81,  97, 139, 113,134, 106, 144, 110, 137, 137, 111, 104, 117, 100, 111, 101, 110,105, 129, 137, 112, 120, 113, 133, 112,  83,  94, 146, 133, 101,131, 116, 111,  84, 137, 115, 122, 106, 144, 109, 123, 116, 111,111, 133, 150]

# 创建画布对象
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=100)
maxtime = max(time)
mintime = min(time)
step = 5
bins = int((maxtime - mintime) / step)

# 调用直方图的绘图 方法
plt.hist(time, bins=bins)

plt.grid(linestyle="--", color="r", alpha=0.3)

# 显示画布
plt.show()

# 饼状图
movie_name = ['雷神3：诸神黄昏','正义联盟','东方快车谋杀案','寻梦环游记','全球风暴','降魔传','追捕','七十七天','密战','狂兽','其它']

place_count = [60605,54546,45819,28243,13270,9945,7679,6799,6101,4621,20105]
# 2）创建画布
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=100)

# 3）绘制饼图
plt.pie(place_count, labels=movie_name, autopct="%1.2f%%", colors=['b','r','g','y','c','m','y','k','c','g','y'])

# 显示图例
plt.legend()

plt.axis("equal")
plt.show()

• x:数量，自动算百分比
• labels:每部分名称
• autopct:占比显示指定%1.2f%%
• colors:每部分颜色